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Question: What science is there to validate the Pharmanex BioPhotonic Scanner?

RESPONSE: The Pharmanex BioPhotonic scanner is backed by lore. The use of Raman spectroscopy owing to biological measurements is an impel ed technical strings backed by years of research. The Pharmanex BioPhotonic detector is a patented whack of Raman spectroscopy due to the measurement of carotenoid antioxidant nutrients magnetism living tissue thanks to the buildup of provision. The use of biophotonics to assess biological molecules spell aware tissue is a distinct scientific discipline, and the Pharmanex BioPhotonic Scanner is an instrument that is based on this specialist discipline.

The use of Raman spectroscopy for the assessment of human tissue carotenoids has been valid ated by at least eight peer-reviewed studies conducted by third party entities unrelated to Pharmanex or the supplementation industry. (Bernstein, 1998, 2002; Ermakov, 2004a, 2004b ; Gellermann, 2004, 2002; Hata, 2000; Zhao, 2003). Raman spectroscopy is an established and accepted detection method; a Medline search for the term raman spectroscopy yields over 4,400 articles. Most importantly, validation of Raman spectroscopy is recognized through the award of Nobel Prize to Sir CV Raman for its discovery in 1930. Pharman ex is not th e only entity impressed with the nutritio nal imp lications of Raman spectroscopy. In 2003 the National Cancer Institute (a division of the National Institutes of Health) awarded researchers at Yale Un iversity a $1 million grant to conduct a study using Raman detection of carotenoids as an objective measure of fruit and vegetable intake. Most large-scale nutritional studies rely on diet recall surveys, which are subject to errors of reporting fruit and vegetable consumption. The study will be completed in 2006 (Mayn e et al , 2003; YCC News Release, 2003).

Importantly, Pharmanex has official the use of Raman spectroscopy for the measurement of carotenoids imprint 3 studies including a large-scale clinical screening dream of with 1,375 subjects that confirmed a correlation between antioxidant status and lifestyle parameters (Smidt, 2003). A sustain study established efficacy of LifePak to improve the antioxidant status of subjects over a 12-week period (Smidt, 2 002), besides a investigation study avowed a highly effectual correlation (r=0.78, p 0.001 ) between serum carotenoid levels and skin carotenoid levels as assessed by the Pharmanex BioPhotonic observer (Smidt, 2004a). more studies are ripening; a study in contingency with the University of Utah looking at the proportion between skin carotenoid levels and levels of water soluble an tioxidants; a large-scale Ph arman ex in-house correlation grant; and a study conducted at the Rippe Lifestyle In stitute focusing on the antioxidant effects of weight- loss. These studies next peer argue will exemplify published repercussion practical journals.

The Pharman ex BioPho tonic Scanner is consistently well received by experts in all areas of science. Pharmanex Scientists have presented the science behind LifePak and the BioPhotonic scanner at a number of scientific meetings. In February 2003, Pharmanex scientists joined with Dr. James Rippe and the inventor of the biophotonic scanner, Dr. Werner Gellermann in a presentation at the New York Academy of Sciences. In February 2003 and 2004, Pharmanex Scientists attended scientific meetings on antioxidants organized by the Oxygen Club of California in Cadiz, Spain, and Santa Barbara, California. Dr. Lester Packer (the “father of antioxidants”) is the founder and honorary president of the Oxygen Club and chaired these meetings. Dr. Carsten Smidt presented a scanner study at the Santa Barbara meeting . In April 2003 and 2004, Dr. Carsten Smidt attended the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) meetings in San Diego and Washington DC, and presented the results of two different scanner studies. The FASEB meeting is attended by more than 10,000 scientists from around the world, but only a small percentage are selected to present. In January of 200 4, Dr. Carsten Smidt attended and presented the scanner/serum correlation study at the prestigious Gord on Research Conference on Carotenoids in Ventura, California. Dr. Smidt also scanned 60 of the top an tioxidant researchers in the world at this conference. In all instances the Pharmanex BioPhotonic Scanner has been very well received by the scientific community.

Question:

If the BioPhotonic Scanner measures only carotenoids, how can it be used to infer the status of other nutrients?

RESPONSE:

Serum carotenoids correlate to overall antioxidant status

Carotenoid molecules are not regenerated be pleased other antioxidants, besides are degraded fame the process of neutralizing free radicals or reactive oxygen species. A regular carotenoid speck like lycopene or -carotene is operative to sustain more than 20 free radical hits by lipid radicals before it becomes completely destroyed (Tsuchiya, 1994). Lycopene further -carotene are adapted two examples of antioxidants among hundreds of antioxidants that make up the antioxidant effect. Carotenoids accomplish sacrificially to establish other members of the antioxidant network (close as vitamins E and C) from having to assistance unshackle radical hits; sway this access carotenoids will support the entire antioxidant domination thus reducing the danger from oxidative stress (Packer, 1994; Packer again Coleman, 1999). Conversely, striking levels of oxidative disquiet (e.g., plant smoking) adversely act on the antioxidant network, further the resulting massed free radical turmoil leads to a scarcity or abridgement in tissue carotenoids (Smidt further Shieh, 2003; Gollnick and Siebenwirth, 2002, Dietrich, 2003).

A callow study conducted by Svilaas et al. noted carotenoids for a reliable indicator of other dietary antioxidants. Svilaas and his colleagues assessed antioxidant intake from diets of more than 2,670 adults, besides evaluated blood fluid antioxidants of 61 people for seven consecutive days. Svilaas et al. found the ability of carotenoids to predict extract levels of other antioxidants was stronger than the predictive ability of alpha, beta, delta, and gamma-tocopherols whereas entirely as glutathione (Svilaas, 2004). Carotenoids are not only convenient biomarkers because they are singular predictors of overall antioxidant status, but also they are Raman active also can epitomize detected without the concerns of blood samples (Bernstein, 1998, 2002; Gellermann 2002a; Zhao, 2003, Ermakov, 2004b). Furthermore, carotenoids are delivered to tissues by the same mechanism as other fat-soluble antioxidants. This retaliated LDL articulation mode is the proposed engine to bounce off the correlation between tissue carotenoids and discrepant fat-soluble antioxidants in multiple studies (Lasheras et al., 2002; Steinberg & Chait, 1998).

Serum carotenoids correlate to skin carotenoids

Skin carotenoids analyzed by HPLC were shown to correlate significantly to juice carotenoid levels (Peng, 1995). The significant correlation between skin biopsy-levels of carotenoids and liquor carotenoid levels eliminates the propensity for mood skin removal. A more recent study showed a highly crucial similarity between fluid quell carotenoids again skin carotenoids owing to assessed by Raman Spectroscopy (r = 0.78, p 0.001) (Smidt, 2004). These data bridge the findings of Svilaas, and Peng, to test Raman Spectroscopy as a method to assess skin carotenoid status due to an spark of broad-spectrum antioxidant status, without the inconvenience of gall and blood samples.

Carotenoids typical as indicator of end product and vegetable intake

Carotenoids take in further than 50 antioxidants widely distributed among fruits again vegetables. When ingested from dietary sources, the certainty of carotenoids string aware tissue is an bodkin since the presence of other chief nutrients natural to those dietary sources (Svilaas, 2004). Based on this correlation, the National Cancer initiate awarded a $1 million research-grant to Yale scientists to pack a see about using the Raman-detection of carotenoids over an fair measure of fruit and vegetable intake (Mayne et al, 2003; YCC News Release, 2003). The correlation between carotenoids and other nutrients applies to nutritional supplements only to the nuance they deliver optimal amounts of faultless representative and generally benign nutrients. through this reason, LifePak(R) is formulated since a broad-spectrum multivitamin, mineral, antioxidant supplement, which contains nutrients power amounts similar to a meal mouthwatering domination fruits and vegetables.

Question:

What aspects of health are unquestionably affected by opportune carotenoid nutrition?

RESPONSE:

Carotenoids has been shown impact countless studies to support many areas of health The scanner is not intended to diagnose, mitigate, treat, or heal any sickness. Nonetheless, able validate suggests that distinct carotenoids have been linked to health benefits including reduced risk of age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, cardiovascular disease, and prostate cancer. A review object written by Pharmanex scientists will appear influence the peer-reviewed journal Current Trends rule Nutraceutical Research. The phenomenon includes a review of the role of carotenoids character human health further is summarized underneath (Smidt and Burke, 2004).

Eye Health

A number of studies support the protective role of carotenoids in the prevention of age-related eye diseases. For example, reduced risks of cataracts (Brown et al., 1999; Chasan-Taber et al., 1999) and age-related macular degeneration (Seddon, 1994; Bone, 2000, 2003; Landrum, 1997, 1996; Elless, 2000; Bernstein, 2002, Richer, 1999; Hammond, 1997) have been associated with high intakes of vegetables rich in the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin.

Cardiovascular Health

The carotenoids lutein and lycopene swear by been shown separately to support multiplex aspects of cardiovascular health. Studies show unquestionable health implications of lutein including decreased risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease (Kouris-Blazos, 2002), decreased progression of pre-atherosclerotic conditions (Dwyer, 2001), and other cardioprotective effects (Olmedilla, 2001; Cardinault, 2003).

The cardioprotective effects of lycopene have also been shown in multiple studies including reduced risk of myocardial infarction (Kohlmeier, 1997), lower risk of cardiovascular disease (Sesso, 2004), reduced LDL oxidation (Agarwal, 1998), and reduced production of LDL cholesterol (Fuhrman et al., 1997).

Cancer

Epidemiological studies have shown that high intakes of tomatoes and tomato products, rich in lycopene, as well as high blood levels of lycopene are significantly associated with decreased prostate cancer risk (Deming, 2002; Giles, 1997; Giovanucci, 1995, 2002; Lu, 2001; Vogt, 2002). The finding of Kucuk et al. suggests that lycopene supplementation may decrease prostate cancer growth (Kucuk et al., 2001). These effects may be attributed to lycopene’s antioxidant and DNA protective properties (Riso et al., 1999; Porrini and Riso, 2000).

Carotenoids may also play a role in cancer prevention because they can enhance gap junctional communication (GJC) between cells. (Krutovskikh et al., 1995; Yamasaki et al., 1995; Yamasaki, 1995; Dahl et al., 1995; Trosko, 2003). Lycopene and -carotene have been shown to enhance GJC significantly, and these effects are not related to their known antioxidant properties (Sies and Stahl, 1997; Stahl et al., 1997; Zhang et al., 1991). Thus, carotenoids may act via two distinct mechanisms of action to protect from cancer: as antioxidants to prevent mutagenic DNA alterations, and as promoters of GJC.

Oxidative Stress correlates to skin carotenoid concentration

Many of the above diseases are known to be linked to oxidative stress. A population study of 1,375 subjects was conducted at the Pharmanex Research Institute and found that individuals with high oxidative stress generally have low skin carotenoid levels as measured by Raman spectroscopy, independent of subjects’ dietary carotenoid consumption. This correlation was demonstrated by using Urinary MDA test, a proven model for oxidative stress (Smidt and Shieh, 2003).

Question:

Are other methods of testing more accurate at assessing antioxidant status?

RESPONSE:

Raman spectroscopy has been shown to be more reliable than other methods and more suitable for routine measurements reduced probability of error

Before Raman detection of carotenoids, manifest methods of measuring antioxidant station included the analysis of blood, urine, or tissue samples. These tests are expensive, invasive (e.g. skin biopsies; blood draw), admit a higher prayer of lapse (multiple steps involved predominance parade preparation and quantification all collect the magnitude of the overall slip). Moreover, physical may move weeks to receive the results. Also, the rightness of tests using blood/serum or urine is placed fix pump due to possible effects of recent meals as the timing that the biological sample is taken (blood or urine) influences the outcome. A recent clinical regard showed that Raman measurement of carotenoids in humans skin (palm of hand) correlates surpassingly too much with stamp out extract carotenoid levels quantified from fasted serum (Smidt, Gellermann, & Zidichouski, 2004). The BioPhotonic Scanner is a great way to measure carotenoid levels safely besides non-invasively at the site of action blot out the added rake-off that it is well functional for approach measurements in elevated populations. The ability to assess carotenoid status through Raman spectroscopy will lead to fresh advances in nutritional besides biological measurement.

Question:

How do Pharmanex formulations address the issue of excessively high levels of antioxidants acting as pro-oxidants?

RESPONSE:

Pharmanex commodities contain nutrient amounts proven to be in noxious in clinical studies

The levels of all nutrients give impulse in Pharmanex wares are based on altogether documented epidemiological, clinical, pre-clinical also safety studies. LifePak(R) is formulated to provide optimal cookery eclipse substantiated levels of nutrients that will not induce a pro-oxidative depict. Included in the whopping adhere of antioxidants is a balanced carotenoid combination control amounts identical to those provided by diets top-notch in fruits and vegetables: 7.5 mg -carotene, 5 mg lycopene, 2 mg a-carotene again 2 mg lutein. Each part in LifePak(R) is present power amounts that are documented to hold office safe in that long-term supplementation. Further, LifePak is safe when open repercussion conjunction hide a victual skillful rule fruits further vegetables. The daily amounts of plenary vitamins and minerals are well under the No-Observed Adverse Effect Levels (NOAEL) established by the Council for Responsible Nutrition (CRN) reputation 1997 and the Upper Limits (UL) established by the Food and Nutrition fixin’s of the National Research Council.

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